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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuβə̑ltem | om kuβə̑lto |
| 2SG: | kuβə̑ltet | ot kuβə̑lto |
| 3SG: | kuβə̑lta | ok/ogeš kuβə̑lto |
| 1PL: | kuβə̑ltena | ona/ogə̑na kuβə̑lto |
| 2PL: | kuβə̑lteda | oda/ogə̑da kuβə̑lto |
| 3PL: | kuβə̑ltat | ogə̑t kuβə̑lto |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuβə̑ltə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kuβə̑lto |
| 2SG: | kuβə̑ltə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kuβə̑lto |
| 3SG: | kuβə̑ltə̑š | ə̑š kuβə̑lto |
| 1PL: | kuβə̑ltə̑šna | ə̑šna kuβə̑lto |
| 2PL: | kuβə̑ltə̑šda | ə̑šda kuβə̑lto |
| 3PL: | kuβə̑ltə̑št | ə̑št kuβə̑lto |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuβə̑ltenam | kuβə̑lten omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kuβə̑ltenat | kuβə̑lten otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kuβə̑lten | kuβə̑lten ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kuβə̑ltenna | kuβə̑lten onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kuβə̑ltenda | kuβə̑lten odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kuβə̑ltenə̑t | kuβə̑lten ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuβə̑ltem ə̑l'e | om kuβə̑lto ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuβə̑ltet ə̑l'e | ot kuβə̑lto ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuβə̑lta ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kuβə̑lto ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuβə̑ltena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kuβə̑lto ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuβə̑lteda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kuβə̑lto ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuβə̑ltat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kuβə̑lto ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuβə̑ltem ulmaš | om kuβə̑lto ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kuβə̑ltet ulmaš | ot kuβə̑lto ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuβə̑lta ulmaš | ok/ogeš kuβə̑lto ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kuβə̑ltena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kuβə̑lto ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kuβə̑lteda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kuβə̑lto ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuβə̑ltat ulmaš | ogə̑t kuβə̑lto ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuβə̑ltenam ə̑l'e | kuβə̑lten omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuβə̑ltenat ə̑l'e | kuβə̑lten otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuβə̑lten ə̑l'e | kuβə̑lten ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuβə̑ltenna ə̑l'e | kuβə̑lten onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuβə̑ltenda ə̑l'e | kuβə̑lten odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuβə̑lten ə̑l'e | kuβə̑lten ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuβə̑ltenam ulmaš | kuβə̑lten omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kuβə̑ltenat ulmaš | kuβə̑lten otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuβə̑lten ulmaš | kuβə̑lten ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kuβə̑ltenna ulmaš | kuβə̑lten onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kuβə̑ltenda ulmaš | kuβə̑lten odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuβə̑lten ulmaš | kuβə̑lten ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kuβə̑lto | it kuβə̑lto |
| 3SG: | kuβə̑ltə̑žo | ə̑nže kuβə̑lto |
| 1PL: | (kuβə̑ltena) | (ona/ogə̑na kuβə̑lto) |
| 2PL: | kuβə̑ltə̑za | ida kuβə̑lto |
| 3PL: | kuβə̑ltə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kuβə̑lto |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuβə̑ltə̑nem | ə̑nem kuβə̑lto |
| 2SG: | kuβə̑ltə̑net | ə̑net kuβə̑lto |
| 3SG: | kuβə̑ltə̑neže | ə̑než kuβə̑lto |
| 1PL: | kuβə̑ltə̑nena | ə̑nena kuβə̑lto |
| 2PL: | kuβə̑ltə̑neda | ə̑neda kuβə̑lto |
| 3PL: | kuβə̑ltə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kuβə̑lto |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kuβə̑ltə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kuβə̑lto ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kuβə̑ltə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kuβə̑lto ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kuβə̑ltə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kuβə̑lto ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kuβə̑ltə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kuβə̑lto ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kuβə̑ltə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kuβə̑lto ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kuβə̑ltə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kuβə̑lto ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kuβə̑ltə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kuβə̑lto ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kuβə̑ltə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kuβə̑lto ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kuβə̑ltə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kuβə̑lto ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kuβə̑ltə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kuβə̑lto ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kuβə̑ltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kuβə̑ltə̑man |
| Active participle: | kuβə̑ltə̑šo |
| Passive participle: | kuβə̑ltə̑mo |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kuβə̑ltə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | kuβə̑ltə̑də̑mo |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kuβə̑lten |
| Negative gerund: | kuβə̑ltə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | kuβə̑ltə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kuβə̑ltə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kuβə̑ltə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kuβə̑ltə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | kuβə̑ltə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||